The Oil And Gas Industry - 1070 Words

Starting my petroleum engineering degree, the oil and gas industry was doing very well at the time.The price of oil was around a hundred dollars per barrel, new independent companies were frequently being created, and the employment rate after graduating with a petroleum engineering degree was close to one hundred percent.However, the outlook of the industry has drastically changed while being in school.The price of oil is now hovering around thirty dollars per barrel and many companies are now having to declare bankruptcy because the cost of new drilling is not economically feasible.This applies to production companies, service companies, and drilling companies.These days, more petroleum engineers are being layed off rather than being†¦show more content†¦Before starting my petroleum engineering degree, I graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 2005 with a degree in Economics.My first job out of college was a petroleum landman leasing mineral rights in the Barne tt Shale in my hometown of Fort Worth, Texas.I could not have found a better job to start out with from school and I really developed a strong interest in the oil and gas industry.I soon moved on to researching title work to determine mineral owners in places like Wyoming, New Mexico, and all over west Texas.One of the reasons I enjoyed the industry so much is that it was such an exciting time to be involved and it was a very competitive market place.Every courthouse I worked in was usually packed, with other petroleum landmen trying to determine mineral owners as fast as they could and sign new leases to start new drilling projects.After working as a landmen for a few years, I decided to go back to school and learn more about the production and drilling aspects of the industry.I began attending LSU to study petroleum engineering.Having an economics degree, I always paid a lot of attention to the stock market and the price of oil.I always knew that it was a real possibility oil pric es could come crashing down because of the booming supply of oil that outpaced the global demand growth.That

Child Development - 2033 Words

For my research, I observed a four year old preschool class at KidsFirst Preschool composed of eight boys and four girls for a total of twelve children. The average socioeconomic status was middle class. The classroom walls were painted white except for one red accent wall. A square carpeted area in one corner of the room was set up with a play kitchen and play laundry area. The bathroom was in the back left corner and was flanked by a chalkboard and a three-drawer storage unit that housed various toys the children could play with during center time. A large plastic storage tub held wooden blocks next to a bookcase by the backdoor that led to the playground outside. Three tables placed end to end and lined with child size chairs sat in†¦show more content†¦K.S. had trouble tracing his worksheet like the other children. When other children started announcing they were done with their worksheet, he began to show signs of frustration by pulling on his hair and rubbing his head. After trying to get out of completing his work, Mrs. Pat encouraged K.S. by telling him what a wonderful job he had done on the letters he had completed. Children begin using their hands immediately after birth to investigate their bodies and the environment in which they are in. Fine motor skills develop as children’s bodies start moving and becoming more stable. As their additional skills advance they learn to do more with their hands, therefore further developing their fine motor skills. By four years old, children are able to copy squares, print a few letters, cut on given line, and use utensils correctly. However, children develop skills at different rates. This means that one child may be able to print his or her name at 3 years and 6 months old while another child may not be able to do so till he or she is 4 years and 6 months old. K.S. could easily be a child that develops these skills at a slightly later age. While observing the children’s cognitive development, I noticed some children remembered the letter sounds they had learned earlier in the year more than other children. During their weekly â€Å"Show and Tell† on Friday, students were asked to tell what they had brought and identify the letter that the object started with (theShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Child Development1986 Words   |  8 PagesAs children grow older they go through a process known as child development which is defined as the discipline dedicated to the understanding of all characteristics of human development from birth to adolescence. I reflected on each of the eight chapters that we covered in class and will use that information to apply it to my neighbor Sebastian. Sebastian is a 7 year old child who lives next door to me and I have taken care of him since he was four months old. I have had the opportunity to applyRead MorePhysical development of a child759 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Acc ording to John Santrock, Development can be defines as a pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout the human s life, while the Oxford school dictionary defines Physical as having to do with the body rather than the mind. This article I examined written by Alex Brooks with further clarification from John Santrock, Brooks believe that person s view of physical development is more than just hitting the right percentiles on a height chart. He believes that withRead MoreStages of Child Development804 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerations yes, but also to aid in the development of the student in all aspects. Some students have a harder time developing the whole person, meaning that they have a harder time developing the physical, cognitive, and emotional-social parts of themselves all at the same time and pace. 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Secondly the child’s observation will be discussed and evaluated here relevant link to development theoriesRead MoreEarly Childhood And Child Development928 Words   |  4 Pageswell nurtured can live well and be sociable. Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. A child creates their own sense of identity. Indeed, it is important for a child to have a sense of identity. Although individual children develop at their pace, all children progress through an identifiable sequenc e of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. The early child development approach is based on that children respond best when caregivers use specific techniquesRead MoreChild Development : A Continuous Process Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Child development is a continuous process where the physical, emotional and mental aspects of advance to complex form enhancing its brain, behavioral and body abilities (Montessori Center International, 2013, p. 4). 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Early child D evelopment is a complicated subject that involves, how teratogens affect a new born, how a maternal age can affectRead MoreChild Development and Learning Focusing on Language Development1975 Words   |  8 PagesChild development and learning focusing on language development This essay is about a child’s development and learning, focusing primarily on language development. It will describe the main stages of developmental milestones and the key concepts involved for children to develop their language skills, discussing language acquisition and social learning theory. The essay will also look into the key theorists involved in language development, primarily Vygotsky and Chomsky, and how these theories

Much Ado About Nothing Acts I II Free Essays

Benedick’s Soliloquy on ideal woman: (2.3.20-27) In Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing Benedick, a romantic young Lord in Padua, is head over shoulders in love with Beatrice, Leonato’s niece. We will write a custom essay sample on Much Ado About Nothing : Acts: I II or any similar topic only for you Order Now A moment ago he satirized the â€Å"fantastical† behavior of Claudius in love. As he readies himself for love, he contemplates the sterling qualities he seeks in his love lady. He desires her to be the embodiment of all rare virtues admired by men. He would not buy her unless she is â€Å"fair†, â€Å"wise† and â€Å"virtuous†. Furthermore, she needs to be â€Å"rich†, and â€Å"mild†, and   Ã¢â‚¬Å"noble†. He also expects her to be   a brilliant conversationalist as well as an â€Å"excellent musician†. Benedick goes about choosing his woman as a fastidious buyer go bargaining for the best property at lowest price. This speech is meant to provide fun and mirth to the audience; but it also demonstrates the male attitude of regarding women as property. If he succeeds, then he would be in possession of a gem of a woman, and could go about boasting of   his prize catch. We are indeed prone to laugh at such acquisitiveness. The commodification of woman is also deplorable. She has to be tailor-made with all virtues stitched in to satisfy the male ego. It is a folly for Benedick that he rules out the possibility   that if such a perfect woman existed at all , she might   not choose him. Benedick’s reaction to hearing that Beatrice is secretly in love with him: (2.3.181-213):2 paras. On her husband like qualities. On why he is so easily duped by his friends. In the speech following the trap   set by Pedro, Claudio and Leanato, Benedict starts behaving like a very compromising lover who is willing to bury past   his antagonism with Beatrice. As suggested by Pedro, Benedick begins his introspection – self-examination to improve his chances of being a good and worthy husband. Like a repentant lover and future husband he feels he has unfairly treated the fair Beatrice, and her love â€Å"must be requited†. (2.3.216) He also decides that he â€Å"must not seem proud.† (2.3.220). He concludes that she is fair, virtuous and wise for having fallen in love with him. He has now grown wise to listen to people’s criticism which would lead to the improvement of his personality. For having so long opposing and railing against marriage, he makes a 180 degree turn and pledges to â€Å"be horribly in love with her.† (2.3.226) He further argues that he must break his vow of celibacy so that â€Å"the world must be peopled.†(2.3.233). Being conditioned and brainwashed by Leanato, Pedro and Claudio he now discovers â€Å"some marks of love in her.†(2.3.236)His conclusion – â€Å"I am a villain; if I do not love her.† (2.3.253) – is a proof of his delusion. In this speech Benedick recapitulates after eavesdropping the mock-serious conversations of Claudio, Pedro and Leanato who aver that Beatrice is dying for his love, but   is too modest â€Å"to wear her heart out first.† (2.3.195) What he so long regarded â€Å" a gull† now has become veritable truth; as he says, â€Å"This can be no trick: the conference was sadly borne.† Like the typical lover with   Ã¢â‚¬Å"imagination   all compact†, he is duped by the   prank played by Pedro and Claudio. He is unable to see through the â€Å"sport† to mislead both   the proud lovers to hold â€Å"an opinion of another’s dotage.† (2.3.208) The old and the experienced Prince and Governor are successful in manipulating the romantic but arrogant lovers to confess their love and overcome their egoes. All Beatrice’s objections like â€Å"Against my will† and forcing her on â€Å"knife’s point †¦to choke a daw withal.† (2.3.246) are romantically interpreted as signs of love. Benedick’s behavior does confirm Shakespeare’s view of lover in Midsummer Night’s Dream: â€Å"The   lunatic, the lover and the poet/Are of   imagination all compact.† (Midsummer, 5.1.7) Their wild imagination hardly resembles the reality. Qualities I like in a man or woman. Do I choose any qualities admired by Benedick? Why? Or why not? The qualities I like in a man are tenderness, affection, and a capacity for enduring relationship. He must not treat woman as a prized possession for his personal benefit; but treat her as an equal partner. The qualities admired by Benedick are male ego-centric and would not satisfy any modern woman. â€Å"Wise†, â€Å"noble† and â€Å"mild† are admirable qualities in male as well   female spouse. Some intellectual qualities like brilliant conversationalist and excellent musician are   welcome personality traits, but not a necessity. But â€Å"rich† indicates love of wealth and dowry which often creates problems in marital life. Benedick gives the impression of a customer with a shopping list of virtues rather than a lover. To match his list a woman has to be perfect. No woman would like such an exacting husband. Work Cited: Craig, W.J.(ed.),   Shakespeare: Complete Works. London. O.U.P. 1974    How to cite Much Ado About Nothing : Acts: I II, Essay examples

The Nissan Motor Company

Question: Discuss the case relying on the classical business ethics approaches, including. Answer: Business ethic case In this report, the study of the Nissan motor company ethic case is done. The Nissan motor company has newly released the Datsun Go that does not fulfill the standards of the New Car Assessment Program and NCAP did not give an even one-star rating for the safety (Brunk, 2012). The head of the NCAP, Max Mosley personally asked the CEO of the Nissan motor company, Carlos Ghosn to remove the Datsun Go car from the market and make the necessary design changes before the car come in the market again because its current status is totally unsafe (Brunk, 2012). The structural integrity of the Datsun Go is such as that any type of collision can cause the death of all passengers. In the response of the NCAP head comment the CEO of the Nissan Motor Company said that the Datsun Go car meets the minimum requirements of the local vehicle regulations of the India and the car is developed with the strong intention to provide best solutions to the local condition of the developing countries such as good visibility to durability, best braking solutions, reduced motion sickness and seat comfort all these helps to reduce the potential for the road accidents. In order to save money, Nissan Motor Company designs the car that will be sold in the developing nations to make the maximum profit from them. Most of the car companies offer hard shell and two airbags that will cost only 200 dollars per car to Nissan Motor Company (Toma Marinescu, 2013). In March, NCAP published a report in which urgent action on the safety of the vehicle is demanded and also the NCAP encourage the insurance companies and government to provide incentives and discounts that prefer the safer cars. The feeling of the business threatening pushes the Nissan Motor Company to develop a hard shell and airbags in Datsun Go (Toma Marinescu, 2013). In the above case, The Nissan Motor Company does not consider the deontology ethics that are the ethics of rights and justice, Axiology ethic that are ethics of value and care and teleology ethics that are the ethics of utilitarianism. Deontology: According to the ethic of rights and justice, the customers have the some of the rights and they can demand justice for those rights. In the Nissan Motor Company, the Indian customers have the right to be sold a safe vehicle (Sanada, Inoue, Yamaguchi, Takahashi, 1993). If any other developed country, the Datsun Go acquire a zero rating, then it cannot be sold in India because of how unsafe it is. The ethic of justice is based on the hard working, good quality product, fair practices and good ideas, but the Nissan Company is only making the product that is unsafe to the customers (Vadastreanu, Maier, Maier, 2015). Axiology: according to the ethic of the values and care, the customer should be respected and motivated by the good will. The company should act rationally and support and help in making the rational decisions. The Nissan Motor Company thinks about its own profit and profit of its employees (Sanada, Inoue, Yamaguchi, Takahashi, 1993). But, this does not mean that they are rational in doing that. This motivate is blurred by the greed of the company, the company gives priority to their own needs in spite of the customers need. The Nissan Motor Company does not help the customers to make a rational decision rather than it force the customers to purchase an unsafe vehicle. Teleology: the ethic of the utilitarianism focuses on the both short term and long term plan. In the above case, the company is launched the Datsun Go in the market and sold at an increased rate. This gives short term happiness to both the company and the customers because the vehicle is unsafe. The company has the opportunity to sell a vehicle that gives happiness to the customers or not. The company should apologize for its safe vehicle and return back their vehicle from the market to improve its design. The value based CSRs stakeholder theory. The main stakeholders of the Nissan Company are the Indian customers and customers from the developing countries. These innocent people are buying the unsafe cars that would cause their deaths in case they will get a car accident in the future (Sacconi, n.d.). The second stakeholder is the head of the NCAP because the program run by him is responsible for determining the safety of the vehicle and ensuring that they are suitable for the public or not (Aligica Tarko, 2015). The last one and important stakeholder, in this case, is the CEO of the company because he makes the decision regarding the spending on the safety of the vehicle. In the last, the Nissan Company could not stick to the ethics of the social company. The company should apologize for the same and should return back their vehicles and try to redesign the Datsun Go to make it a safe vehicle. References Aligica, P. Tarko, V. (2015). Polycentric Stakeholder Analysis: Corporate Governance and CSR under Value Heterogeneity.Academy Of Management Proceedings,2015(1), 17539-17539. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.17539abstract Brunk, K. (2012). Un/ethical Company and Brand Perceptions: Conceptualising and Operationalising Consumer Meanings.J Bus Ethics,111(4), 551-565. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1339-x Sacconi, L. CSR as Contractarian Model of Multi-Stakeholder Corporate Governance and the Game-Theory of its Implementation.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1163704 Sanada, Y., Inoue, N., Yamaguchi, H., Takahashi, K. (1993). Automotive hydraulics at Nissan Motor Company.Proceedings Of The JFPS International Symposium On Fluid Power,1993(2), 89-98. https://dx.doi.org/10.5739/isfp.1993.89 Toma, S. Marinescu, P. (2013). Global Strategy: The Case of Nissan Motor Company.Procedia Economics And Finance,6, 418-423. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00157-3 Vadastreanu, A., Maier, D., Maier, A. (2015). Is the Success Possible in Compliance with Ethics and Deontology in Business?.Procedia Economics And Finance,26, 1068-1073. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00931-4

Advertising and Organic White Tea free essay sample

Vitasoy then became a household name and being internationally with two major brands: VITASOY, a nutritious soy milk and tofu and VITA, a range of juice, teas, distilled water, dairy-milk products. The most popular Vitasoy products are soymilk, lemon tea etc. (Vitasoy story,2008) Vitasoy had announced that the company got a solid business growth of 9% in the ended 30th September 2009 in Hong Kong, posted a turnover of HK$1,561 million during the period, compared with HK$1,437 million last year. The market share of Vitasoy is occupied in the regions of North America USA, Australasia Australia and New Zealand and others Asia market Mainland China and Singapore. Hence, company would like to rejuvenate the market campaigns to solidify the leading position and enlarge the market share. (epressrelease,2009) SWOT analysis of Vita Organic white tea Strengths: Vitasoy has been a long history as a Hong Kong-based food amp; beverage manufacturer. From time to time, the reputation of the Vitasoy is already established as a household name in most Hong Kong peoples mind. Since the Hong Kong beverage market has few competitors produce on the Organic drinks products. The company is seizing and relies on this reputation and strengths to launch a new product Vita Organic White Tea to maintain and refreshing the brand awareness of Vitasoy. Organic tea, as implied by the name, it is grown without the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. Tea has been cultivated for thousands of years in Chinese history. The company focuses on the organic white tea because it has a plenty of advantages such as less caffeine, assist cancer prevention, help the bodys immune system and lower holesterol etc. to deliver a high quality beverage to consumers. Weaknesses: The company has less organic production experience in Hong Kong compare with other specialized organic brands. Opportunities: In recent years, organic products have gained impulse as more people are opting for healthier choices on food items free from dangerous toxins. They are also looking for the high q uality organic products on the foods and even spread all over to the environment. Beside there is few competitors launch organic product, therefore, produce an organic product is one of the business opportunities. The company will cooperate with the local farmers and farm workers in Mainland China under the Fair Trade policies. This may also increase the Vitasoys awareness, reputation and dedication to the community. Threat: While the company once launched this new organic product, other competitors will step follow to imitate our organic products. The market may become more competitive. Positioning and Targeting of Vitasoy Vitasoy is famed at the soymilk and being a household name in Hong Kong since 1940. However, there are still many beverage competitors appeared in the market to spread over its brand such as Coca-Cola Company, Tao Ti, Hung Fok Tung. Organic White Tea will come into VITA product Vita Organic White Tea. Vitasoy then becomes the first local market on production of organic tea. The company is focus on the trends of consumer looking for living in a healthier way and produce Vita Organic White Tea with planting the organic white tea leaf to provide a high quality organic drink to consumers. Customer will base on different notion to select a product. For the Organic White Tea, most of the consumers will emphasize on the healthy and the value for money. Because of an organic drink can represent less harmful effects, the high quality cultivating in the production process to achieve without any impurity and the benefits to the body. In the appendix Table 1, it is about the positioning map of the local drinks market which is base on the value for money and as well as the health of the drinks. From the table, 3 competitors Tao Di, Hung Fok Tung and Coca Cola are at a good situation, and Vitasoy is the best choice in young adults mind. The reasons are that Vitasoy provides a variety of drinks products into two major brands in the Hong Kong market: VITASOY, a nutritious soy milk and tofu and VITA, a range of juice, teas, distilled water, dairy-milk products. Also, Vitasoy has a good reputation that reaches the brand description Our first priority is consumer well-being through great tasting and nutritional products. The new product Organic White Tea is doing so. Because of not every Hong Kong people is suitable for drinking Chinese herbal medicine. Therefore, even the Hung Fok Tung products are good at health, there is still a restraint for people to choose as a drink. About Coca Cola, many people are only recalled the red and white colour of coke with various flavor. However, the coke is not good at health with many sugar ingredients even the price is affordable. Dao Ti did provide tea products but not focus on organic. Drinking with Vitasoy Organic White Tea, consumers have no worry on the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and bring out benefits to the body. Mr. Larry Eisentrager, Group Chief Executive Officer of VIHL stated that the target market of Vitasoy is focusing on the young generations in Hong Kong market which comprising (Names of Generations,2010) the generation X (1965-1979) and generation Y (1980-2000). Those young generations have much spending on necessities as they have lower levels of income (Clow and baack,2006). Advertising Objectives The following aspects are the objectives that company aimed to achieve in the advertising and promotional campaign. Facilitate Vitasoy to promote the new product Vita Organic White Tea * Increase 3% market share of the food amp; beverage industry in 2010 * Increase the sales 5% from 2010-2011 in order to increase profit * Increase brand awareness among the new advertising campaign * Attract to young generations to purchase and try on the organic tea products The objective of the advertisement is increasing both market share and sales in the year 2010 by the new advertising campaign. This advertisement aimed to arouse peoples mind to live in a healthy life from bottom up of psychological need that Vita Organic White Tea as unique functions that cultivating with a natural tea leaf without any harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in a sustainable environment. The tea is to provide a fuller and richer taste, which is healthier for consumption. Then, objectives come to realistic of using both rational and emotional appeals in the advertisements. For the rational, it is focusing on the print advertisements such as newspaper, magazines and transit light box which illustrate the production process and benefits of the Vita Organic White Tea. For the emotional, advertisements will be illustrated on TVB commercial to make consumers perceive after drink the tea can turn into a habit to live in a healthy and obtain the benefits. The product will focus on the young adults (young generations) at the age group between18-44 years old. In these ranges, most of the consumers are looking for live in a healthy way. Now, the Organic White Tea is cultivate without chemical effects, allows consumer drinks without worries. Advertising Strategy There are two elements towards an advertising strategy. The first element is about the brand image, brand personality, advertising message and the unique sell proposition of the product. The second element is about the medium executions and contains the medium schedules. Company will use both push and pull strategy to increase the sales volume of the products. Brand Image and Brand Personality VITA will use of red and white colour to represent the brand name which red can be a stimulant and the hottest of the warm colors. ORGANIC White Tea will be placed with white colour to represent pure, rich, strong, and has a refreshing aroma. Besides, the background colour of the bottle will be beige colour with warm, simplicity and relaxing feelings to enjoy the Vita Organic White Tea. The ideas of using beige colour is from farmer. Their attitudes and efforts on culti vating tea leaf with an enjoyment towards to natural gives a feeling of warm and austere production. Imagery will be also used on the product such as the leaf can represent the natural cultivation. All of the images and personalities can demonstrate the Vitasoy mission: promote quality of life through great tasting and nutritional products. Unique selling Proposition Vita Organic White Tea has unique production of the tea leaf. The reason of chosen white tea is that the leaves are harvested and picked before the leaves are fully opened. Also, the leaves cannot be harvested on rainy days nd can only be harvested for a short time every year in early Spring. Consumers can experience the grassy, sweet and light flavor of white tea compare with green tea. In addition, the usual way of cultivating tea is non-sustainable. It leads to soil erosion and disease, and the pesticides are a health hazard for the workers who pick the leaves. Vita Organic White Tea is cultivating with a natural tea leaf without any harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in a sustainable environment . Organic tea contains antioxidants as the key portions. High levels of antioxidants minimize the amount of harmful free radicals in the body and reduce the opportunities of cancer. It is also one the few natural sources of fluoride and reduces high blood cholesterol and blood pressure and it is a non-toxic refreshing beverage. Consumers must try on it because Vitasoy is the only Hong Kong-based manufacturer to produce organic tea drink in the market. Advertising Message The advertisement is about consumers drinking with Vita Organic White Tea is like drinking a pure, simple aroma. The leverage point of the advertisement is the linkage between benefits of organic white tea once consumer drinks the tea. The advertisement will use the cognitive strategy to deliver consumer the attributes of the Vita Organic White Tea. A slogan will be appearing in the advertisement: Vita ORGANIC White Tea. Everywhere everytime be with you. The message of the slogan told consumers that Vita Organic Drinks can drinks in everywhere at everytime they like. Once consumers purchase Vita Organic White Tea, they are persuaded as purchase the healthy benefits. When consumers living in an organic life, their emotional beliefs are that can minimize the health hazards and may help protect body against: heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and some types of cancer. Those benefits can take the personality of reassurance that consumers can live in a healthy way to gain benefits and trustworthiness that they are not drinking tea with the harmful effects but the natural cultivated tea leaf. The terms of everywhere and everytime is easy to grab consumers attention that make consumers perceive to gain the healthy benefits once start to drink the tea. Therefore, the advertisements suggest consumers starting to live in a healthy way from the beverage to obtain healthy benefits and take a choice of Vita Organic White Tea with the high quality organic tea leaf can become a habit into life. Media Execution Several medium are decided to use for promoting Vita Organic White Tea. They are TV commercial, Road Show on Bus, print ad in Newspaper and Magazines, Transit light box. The purposes are to increase the awareness of Vita Organic White Tea and extend its market share. The advertisements are focus on reminding audience the brand awareness and knowledge. In addition, persuade the target audience to purchases Vita Organic White Tea to obtain healthy benefits and leading them towards the organic life. TV commercial (TVC) and Road Show on Bus The first run of advertisement is on the television as most of the direct response advertising is highly effective via television medium. The advertisement will play 15 seconds including the use of action, audio and visual, colour and imagery of produce from natural tea leaf to the production of Vita Organic White Tea with the slogan Vita ORGAINC White Tea. Everywhere everytime be with you in the advertisements, which deliver with generic message to generate awareness and interest of the drink from consumers. It can be demonstrate with animation how the feelings and the enjoyment of drinking the pure, simple organic tea to acquire the behind healthy benefits. It can achieve the young generations whose looking for or start living in a healthier life. Additionally may grab others segment attention towards the product. The advertisement will be produced about 30 seconds placed on Jade Channel (TVB). The target audience is direct towards the young generations. Thus, the video broadcasting will be played mostly at night around 8:00pm 9:30pm aimed the audience is mostly after work or after school from February to Mid March (8 weeks) to obtain the high reach of audience and it possess a high frequency potential. For promoting the new product visibly, the advertisement will be broadcasted everyday in order to influence audience unobtrusively and imperceptibly. There are totally 63 spots in the TV commercial as the advertisement is broadcast one time on everyday, totally 63 days. The audience coverage of this media is 35%. Gross Rating Points (GRP) = 35*63 = 2205 Cost = [2,000,000*2 + (80,000*8*2)] = $5,280, 000 About the ad in Road Show on Bus, it will be also broadcasted after one week in TVC. The Roadshow advertisement will produce 1 minute on 500 buses which cover Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Territories for 6 weeks, the ad comprises the same function as TVC. Because of bus is a public transportation with a high flow of passengers, it can target the right audience. Betweens, the cost of the production is also lower than TVC. The video broadcasting will be played 2 times a day, which means 84 times in total for 6 weeks. The audience coverage of this media is 10% since only invested 500 buses (40%/4). GRP= 10*84 = 840 Cost = [10,000 + (40,000*6)] = $250, 000 Newspaper Newspaper is providing much informative of the behind efforts on production. The layout can be covered a whole product story to gain awareness and interest of the new product. For instance, the factual articles towards the healthy benefits of drink Vita Organic White Tea, how to become into an organic life, even the tea leaf cultivation can be also illustrated inside the newspaper. Oriental Daily News will be selected with medium quality junior page advertisement in total 24 days, 3 times a week in 2 months. The audience coverage of this media will be 30%. The opportunities to see (OTS) is OTS = 30*24 = 720 Cost = [10,000 + (40,000*24)] = $970,000 Magazines The ad printed on magazines is apart from TVC, it is using conative strategy. The ad will be placed in the specialized food amp; beverage magazines to attract mass audience, especially the target readers young generations. One of the reasons is that most of the readers reading them during their leisure time or waiting situations. Moreover, since the ad using informative and animation appeals with high colour quality of the product features for examples the behind efforts on production also the healthy benefits towards consumers, it tend to pay reader attention related to their needs and wants on healthy and organic issues. The ad will be located at the back of magazines because it has higher attractiveness when reader holding magazine while they are not reading. The Sudden Weekly is selected because it has an extra small magazine called Eat and Travel Weekly is attached, all information is talking about food amp; beverage. Thus, it is very suitable to promote the new product. This magazine has high audience coverage to reach young generations effectively. It will be posted with a high quality full page advertisement in 6 issues and the audience coverage of this media is 5%. OTS = 5%*6 = 30 Cost = [$10,000 + (40,000*6)] = $250,000 Transit light box The transit light box will show the unique functions of Vita Organic White Tea, natural production of the tea leaf with the slogan. It wants to deliver consumers the benefits of drinking with a natural tea leaf and towards the body. It is using cognitive strategy and state rational appeals to attract and arouse consumers awareness and interest in the new products and brand. The transit light box in MTR station is selected to produce with a high quality of advertisement. We lease the 4X6 feet transit light box for 6 weeks which located at the high frequency on major transit stations such as Mong Kok, Tsim Sha Tsui, Admiralty, Central. The high quality transit light box can attain 15% audience to notice for 4 weeks, and it is 7. 5% for 2 weeks. Total audience coverage is 22. 5%. OTS = 22. 5%*6 = 135 Cost = [30,000 + (150,000*6)] = $930, 000 For those cost information, please refer to appendices Table 1: Assumption on advertising production cost and media cost. Pre Testing (Clow and Baack,2008) Before the advertising campaign is released, a pre-testing should be done to measure the impact and quality of the ad then for the use in future development of marketing campaigns. There are several pre-testing methods. Copytesting, recall tests and recognition tests will be elected in this stage. For evaluate the TV and roadshow advertisements will use the former two methods. The latter method will be used for evaluate the print advertisements. One of the techniques of copytesting will be used for those television and roadshow advertisements. It is theater test. It is aimed to compare the consumer view on the new product Vita Organic White Tea with other advertisements. The ads are mostly placed between two television dramas which able to grab the consumers instant interest. Some target audiences are invited to participate to ask for their memories and reaction among the ads that were shown and see whether they can notice the tea ad by some specific demonstrations. Before the test start, those participators are not known any about which ad is being tested. The second method is recall tests and using day-after recall methods to measure how much target audience have remembered or learned from the ad. With the results of audience recalled extent, the probability of the brand can be enhanced to arouse consumers to purchase. The last method is recognition test for those print ads after the ads has been launched. A series of questions about the Vita Organic White Tea print ad will be asked to target readers to gather the information of their reaction towards the ad. This method can help to further establish Vitasoy in consumers mind on the effort on organic products and persuading them to purchase the benefits of the tea. Campaign Evaluation From the pre-testing stage, we have used three methods to evaluate the advertising campaign. After gathering all the results from those methods, we have the following recommendations respectively. Print Advertisement Refer to Appendices table 2, it show of each media coverage in Hong Kong market. For the newspaper ad research, the audience coverage of this media will be 30%. The opportunities to see (OTS) is 720. For the magazines research, the audience coverage of this media is 5%. The OTS is 30. Television and Roadshow Advertisement About the TV commercial, the audience coverage of this media is 35% and the gross rating point (GRP) is 2205 which is the highest score among those medium. About the Roadshow advertisement, the audience coverage of this media is 10% since only invested 500 buses (40%/4). The GRP is 840. The medium cost and medium schedule plan are respectively enclosed in appendices table 3 and table 4. Read more: http://www. ukessays. co. uk/essays/marketing/vitasoy-international-holding-limited. php#ixzz2UaOC8RHT

Audio Lingual Method Essays

Audio Lingual Method Essays Audio Lingual Method Essay Audio Lingual Method Essay 1 GGGV 2044 METHODS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Semester 2 2009/2010 AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD: A DISCUSSION (INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT) LECTURER: DR. HAMIDAH BT. YAMAT @ AHMAD LISA KWAN SU LI A123040 TESL/2 2 1. 1 INTRODUCTION The Audio-lingual Method (ALM), by its very name – â€Å"audio† and â€Å"lingual† – refers to a language teaching approach that focuses on two aspects of language, namely listening and speaking. Unlike its predecessor, the Grammar Translation Method, which focuses on reading and writing skills, this approach chooses to emphasize on the first two stages in the natural order of language learning (listening, speaking, reading followed by writing) with the belief that learners who are better speakers and listeners consequently make better readers and writers. The ALM has a firm foundation in the theories of both structural linguistics and behavioural psychology, and thus incorporates techniques and strategies that advocate the concepts and assumptions of language learning from both schools of thought. The structural linguistics view of language learning says that language is learned through awareness and specific attention to the patterns and structure of the language. One of the ALM’s main characteristics is its use of repetition and drills that draw learners’ attention to the patterns of the target language which are subsequently memorized and repeated to automaticity. Language learning from the view of behavioural psychology on the other hand, occurs by conditioning and habit formation of accurate responses to stimuli. The right response for a stimulus is modelled by the teacher beforehand and then drilled into the learners repeatedly until such responses become a â€Å"habit† that enables learners to successfully produce accurate responses without clues or prompting by the teacher. This discussion aims to further understand the Audio-lingual Method and explore the advantages and disadvantages of employing it in the second language classroom. The author als o puts out her recommendations for the use of the ALM in the second language classroom. 2. 1 HISTORY By the first half of the twentieth century, the Direct Method had lost its popularity in the U. S. However, it is believed that the decline of the Direct Method brought about the emergence of the ALM. As Brown (2001) puts it: â€Å" by the middle of the twentieth century, the Direct Method was revived and redirected into what was probably the most visible of all language teaching â€Å"revolutions† in the modern era, the Audio-lingual Method. † The U. S. educational institutions at the time still believed that a reading approach like the Grammar Translation Method was more practical than an oral one. Therefore the 1930s and 1940s saw the Grammar Translation Method going strong in all schools across the U. S. However, after World War II, the U. S. saw an urgent need for her to be orally proficient in the language of her allies as well as foes. This led to a drastic change in 4 the current view of language teaching from a mere reading approach to one with a heavier emphasis on aural and oral skills. Special intensive language programs were developed by the U. S. army which came to be known as the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), or more simply, the Army Method. In the 1950s, the Army Method was renamed the Audiolingual Method. 3. 1 PRINCIPLES OF ALM Some of the main principles of language learning in the ALM are stated by Alkhuli 2005 (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the International Forum of Teaching and Studies). One of these principles is that the second language learning process should be similar to that of first language acquisition. This complies with the natural order of language learning which is listening, speaking, reading and finally, writing. It is believed that the learner first learns to speak what he has listened to, then read what he has spoken, and write what he has read. Therefore, the ALM emphasizes on listening and speaking skills in order to facilitate the progress of reading and writing skills besides increasing communicative competency. Another principle is that the second language is best acquired by habit formation. A habit is created when an action is repeated and is subsequently produced 5 in response to certain stimuli almost without conscious activity. This is achieved via the repetitive pattern practices that are part and parcel of the ALM. Translation of the target language into the native language is considered harmful and will hinder acquisition of the second language. Such translations are believed to impede the mastery or control of the second language. When the target language is used in all circumstances in the classroom, learners learn to make direct connections between the vocabulary and its semantics in the target language itself, which is ideal for effective second language learning. However, these principles are merely assumptions. Counter-arguments include: second language learning is completely different from native language acquisition in many different aspects. In addition, the natural order of language learning that the ALM stresses on is irrelevant because the four language skills can be developed simultaneously rather than sequentially. The learning of a second language is not necessarily a process of habit formation where responses are elicited by stimuli, but also involves the cognitive. Finally, translation into the native language has proven a useful technique indeed in learning a second language, demonstrated in methods such as the Grammar Translation Method. 4. 1 MAIN FEATURES As aforementioned, the ALM follows the natural order of language learning. The use of repetitive drills is justified in shaping a new â€Å"habit† for learning the second 6 language. Stimuli-responses are expected and correct ones are immediately reinforced as conditioning, concurrent with the views of behavioural psychology. The native language also plays a minimal role in the ALM. Only the target language is used within the classroom by both teacher and learners. New material in the target language is also introduced in dialogue form, closest to a natural situational context for learners to gain communicative competence and skills. Modeling is done by the teacher whereby a particular structure of sentence is spoken and learners repeat the sentence, mimicking its sound patterns and intonation, and aiming for identicalness. Slips in learners’ pronunciation of words in the sentence are immediately corrected by the teacher to avoid formation of â€Å"bad habits†. Grammar rules are not taught explicitly but are expected to be induced by the learners through the various examples and patterns that are exposed to them during the lesson. Contrastive analyses are also done between the native language and the target language in order to draw learner’s attention to differences in pattern, structure and sound system of both languages. 5. 1 TECHNIQUES There are many techniques employed in the classroom that advocate the underlying principles (or assumptions) of the ALM, and are also based on the aforementioned two main schools of thought for the said method. 7 One of the main techniques used is of introducing new learning material in the form of a dialogue. A model conversation is analyzed, broken down and memorized through mimicry. Dialogues are seen as a natural conversational ontext that will aid learners in applying learned structures and vocabulary. Many drills are used in the ALM. The backward build-up drill (expansion drill) breaks down a difficult sentence into smaller parts. Usually the last phrase of the sentence is repeated by the learners and then parts are added on, or expanded, until learners are able to repeat the complete sentence without further trouble. Single-slot substitution drills require the learners to substitute in cues given by the teacher into a particular slot in the sentence. Multiple-slot substitution drills on the other hand, require a higher level of competence from the learners. Learners must recognize particular slots within the sentence to substitute the cues given by the teacher, occasionally having to alter subject-verb agreements as well. Other drills include the repetition drill, chain drill, transformation drill and question-and-answer drill. (Refer to Appendix A) 6. 1 ADVANTAGES As compared to an extreme method like the Grammar Translation Method, where reading and writing are so stressed on that speaking and listening skills are neglected, ALM does develop the aural/oral skills of learners. Learners through the ALM are able to participate in situational contexts competently. 8 In addition, learners are more aware of the phonetic aspects of the language. Through modeling and mimicry, learners pay more attention to proper pronunciation and intonation. Errors in pronunciation are immediately dealt with, while correct responses are positively reinforced. Learners are sensitive to the intonation and are aware of their different functions of questioning, requesting, pleading etc. Through substitution drills, learners also learn to recognize the borders between the phrases that make up the sentence. They are also exposed to a variety of different sentences that have similar structures through repetition drills as well. Transformational drills help learners familiarize with question tags and their corresponding answers, affirmative and negative sentences and even active and passive ones. Such a wide variety of sentence and question structures serve to enhance learners’ communicative ability. 7. 1 DISADVANTAGES Although the drills that are the ALM’s distinguishing feature may be considered one of its strengths, they are also its weakness. Such drills leave no room for creativity, causing learners to lose interest or feel bored in the classroom. When learners lose their motivation, it negatively affects their progress in second language learning. New vocabulary learned is also limited in context. Instead, the sound system and grammatical patterns are emphasized on more. Learners are taught set phrases in gruel repetition in response to certain questions, where the form and structure are 9 highlighted. Consequently, learners are only drilled to respond correctly with answers that are expected of them without caring much for its meaning. For example, the set phrase, â€Å"Fine, thank you,† is taught as a response to the question â€Å"How are you? † which learners use even when they feel otherwise. This phenomenon is comparable to robots that have no cognition and only give particular responses to particular stimuli! There is rarely any variation in learners’ responses other than the ones that have been taught. Therefore, interaction and dialogue is very schematic and unnatural. In short, communicative competence is still called to question. Learners of the ALM may be able to participate in conversations, but they are rarely spontaneous and it is observed to be rather a case of regurgitating the â€Å"right† responses in a certain situational context from memory. Should they not be able to recall the set phrases that have been learned, they are at a loss as to how to respond to the questions and conversational prompts of the other speaker. 8. 1 RECOMMENDATIONS From the discussion above, it is evident that although communicative competence is insufficient, the ALM drills provide learners with a multitude of structures and grammatical patterns that form the basic foundation for communication. The challenge is to help learners apply the knowledge they have gained to communicating effectively and in a natural manner. 10 However, this cannot be done if drills are continuously insisted upon in the classroom. A degree of flexibility is needed on the part of the teacher to allow spontaneous and natural conversation to take place after drilling them as well. Unguided dialogue practice forces the learners to apply what they have been drilled with into a communicative setting, taking into consideration the meaning of the phrases learnt with relevance to the given situation. Model conversations can still be provided, but spontaneous ones allow for creativity and variety in responding according to the individual learner. Communication becomes more natural. With regards to learner motivation, the responsibility is shouldered by both the teacher and the learners themselves. The teacher needs to, again, be flexible and allow for elements not necessarily ALM-like to be incorporated into the lesson, if only for the sake of breaking the monotone. Drills can still be employed of course, but in more interesting ways like role play and physical activities. In essence, the teacher should be creative in her strategies with the aim of increasing the communicative competency of the learners rather than teach by the book. Learners as well, play a major role in their own learning progress. They should maintain a high level of self-motivation by actively participating in tasks and activities and being attentive at all times. 9. 1 CONCLUSION The ALM definitely has its pros and cons in a second language classroom. However, the disadvantages and negative implications can be overcome if a slightly more eclectic approach to second language teaching is taken. Some teachers may stubbornly hold fast to the rules of the ALM and refuse to stray from it. In such a case, the 11 objective of second language teaching should be questioned. Is one’s loyalty to the method or to the goal of aiding learners in achieving communicative competence? If it is the latter, it does not matter what method is used in the classroom as long as ultimately, learners gain valuable communicative skills. As Celce-Murcia illustrates (as cited by Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim in the International Forum of Teaching and Studies): â€Å"Today, language students are considered successful if they can communicate effectively in their second or foreign language, whereas two decades ago the accuracy of the language produced would most likely be the major criterion contributing to the judgment of a student’s success or lack of success. † (1991, p. 125) One single method should never be used exclusively in the classroom because it shall always remain flawed. It is the teacher’s responsibility to determine her teaching goals and appropriate methods to be used; where an eclectic one might better achieve those goals. Therefore, the teacher of a second language must be prepared to modify and adjust her methods to suit the different learning needs of the learners. 12 APPENDIX A Here are examples of the different drills used in the Audio-lingual Method: Repetition drill Repetition drill is the normal drill, usually used to teach the lines of the dialogue. Students are required to repeat after the teacher’s model until they are almost identical. Chain drill The Chain drill uses maybe the first few lines of a simple dialogue. The teacher begins by addressing a student, or asking him a question. The student responds, then turns to the student beside him and asks him a similar question. The second student responds and the chain goes on until each student has participated. This allows for the teacher to check learner’s speech. Transformation drill The teacher may give learners a question, and the learners are then required to formulate an answer from the form of the question given, and vice versa. Or, an affirmative sentence is given and learners need to transform it into the negative. This can be used for teaching active and passive sentences, as well as direct and reported speech. Question-and-answer drill This drill allows for learners to practice answering questions accurately and rapidly. It can also be done the other way round, where the learners form the questions on cue. 13 REFERENCES Abdel-Rahman Abu-Melhim. 2009. Re-evaluating the Effectiveness of the Audiolingual Method in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. International Forum of Teaching and Studies 5(2): 1-9. Britto, Rory. 2009. The Dissipation of Methods in ESL: Expanding to Fill the Void. The Journal of Education p. 75-84. Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, p. 13-37. Second edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Savignon, Sandra J. 2001. Communicative Language Teaching. Theory Into Practice 26(4): 235.

Develop your organizational culture and leadership  - TheJobNetwork

Develop your organizational culture and leadership   - TheJobNetwork A critical task for any HR professional is to help ensure that their company’s organizational culture and leadership accurately and effectively reflects its values, beliefs, and mission. How does your company fare in this critical area?In today’s impossibly crowded business climate, having a clearly developed culture and identity is essential for an organization. According to Inc., â€Å"Culture has always been important, but today, it’s becoming more than just a buzzword. Culture is an important differentiator to set your company apart from the competition. It’s also what attracts the right talent and brings in the right customers†¦ Plus, with more than 30% of the workforce now made up of Millennials,  according to the Pew Research Center, culture is more important than ever. Millennials want to work for companies that share their same values. They want to feel like their work has a purpose and makes a difference. In short, they want a good cultur e fit.†With companies eager to rise above the noise in their respective industries and connect with their target audiences, all in an effort to be successful, a key piece of the puzzle is developing an organizational culture and presence that’s transparent and elicits positive feelings- both from within the company and from prospective customers. Inc. identifies four primary factors why this is so important:Culture builds brand identity.Your company’s personality and how your organization is perceived by the world at large help form your brand identity. According to Inc., culture is what tells the world who you are as a brand. â€Å"The more your audience understands and identifies with your brand, the more they’ll want to buy from you.† Everyone wants to feel like you’re talking to them personally, and in order to do that, you have to establish a company vibe that people can relate to.Culture increases loyalty among employees.Do you want you r company’s employees to love coming to work each day and feel a loyalty toward helping fulfill your organization’s mission (beyond their paychecks)? Of course you do, and the best way to make this happen is to help them connect with your company’s core culture. According to Inc., â€Å"Companies with a strong culture have employees who like the challenges of their job, get along well with their co-workers and enjoy the atmosphere of the workplace†¦ Culture gives employees a driving goal and purpose for what they do. It connects your leadership team with the rest of the employees and binds them with a set of shared beliefs. Your employees want to feel like they are contributing to something larger than themselves.†hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Culture attracts and retains talent.A company with a strong culture and well-perceived brand identity does not have to work very hard to attract and retain top talent from around the world- rather, it will attract talent to you. Once people are a part of your team, they’ll be energized and continually drawn to supporting your organization’s core goals and mission. It will make your job as an HR professional easier while helping your company to operate at peak levels- a real win-win.Culture makes advocates out of employees.When employees genuinely feel good about the work they do and the company they work for, they become effective brand advocates. According to Inc., â€Å"It’s true that good talent knows [good talent]. And when your employees are happy with their work, they are more likely to share with others. They’ll spread the word about their positive experience with your company, and you’ll soon gain a strong reputation.†Hopefully, it’s now clear why having a well-developed organizational culture and supportive leadership structure is important for the health and success of your company. But as an HR professional, how do you affect real organizational change in an effort to develop and maintain your culture? The Society for Human Resource Management recently published an article that discusses the role of HR professionals in the development of organizational culture and outlines key steps you can take to make positive, lasting change.According to the article, â€Å"The key to running a successful organization is to have a culture based on a strongly held and widely shared set of beliefs that are appropriately supported by strategy and structure. When an organization has a strong culture, three things happen: Employees know how top management wants them to respond to any situation, employees believe that the expected response is the proper one, and employees know that they will be rewarded for demonstrating the organization’s values.†As an HR professional, you play a key role in this cultural development. According to the Society for Human Resource Management, â €Å"Strategic thinking and planning must extend beyond merely meeting business goals and focus more intently on an organization’s most valuable asset- its people.†To this end, HR professionals should focus on building a strong organizational culture by:Being a role model for the organization’s beliefsReinforcing organizational valuesEnsuring that organizational ethics are defined, understood and practicedEnabling two-way communications and feedback channelsDefining roles, responsibilities, and accountabilitiesProviding continuous learning and trainingSustaining reward and recognition systemsEncouraging empowerment and teamsPromoting a customer-supplier work environmentRecognizing and solving individual and organizational problems and issuesOnce a strong organizational culture is set in place, HR professionals can do a great deal to maintain the work done in this area, including the following:Mindful hiring practices, including looking at the organization’ s vision and mission and conducting cultural fit interviewsOnboarding programs that help employees become enmeshed in the organization’s cultural frameworkReward and recognition programs that incentivize employees whose behavior supports the company’s values and missionThere you have it- some helpful background on the power of organizational culture and leadership, along with effective tools for building and maintaining your organization’s brand identity. Use the strategies and advice presented here to help set up your company for lasting success!